首次注意到肿瘤坏死因子TNF的存在，是因为观察到癌症患者在细菌感染后偶尔表现出肿瘤的自发消退。后续1960年代的研究表明，响应细菌产物而产生的宿主相关（或内源性）介体可能与观察到的效应有关。1975年，发现一种细菌诱导的循环因子对植入小鼠皮肤的肿瘤具有很强的抗肿瘤活性，称其为肿瘤坏死因子（TNF），随后该基因被分离，克隆，成为一个与免疫调节和炎症有关的分子家族的原型。

 

一、人类和小鼠中TNF配体/受体超家族成员

 

在哺乳动物中，TNF配体超家族（TNFSF）通过TNF受体超家族（TNFRSF）的成员发出信号，激活在发育、器官发生、细胞死亡和存活中起生物学作用的信号通路。最早发现的TNFSF成员是TNF和淋巴毒素α（Ltα）。随着人类和小鼠基因组大规模测序的完成，几乎所有的TNFSF和TNFRSF成员现在都被鉴定出来。在人类（表1）和小鼠（表2）中都有19个TNF配体。需要注意，一些序号例如TNFSF16/17是没有对应基因的，我们没有追溯原因。另外，TNFSF12-TNFSF13是由TNFSF12的细胞质和跨膜结构域与TNFSF13的C端结构域融合而成的杂交蛋白。该杂交蛋白膜锚定并在细胞表面呈现TNFSF13的受体结合域。

TNFSF配体是具有细胞内N端和细胞外C端结构域的Ⅱ型膜结合蛋白。在人类和小鼠中描述的19种已知配体中，有11种编码蛋白水解裂解位点，产生具有生物活性的可溶性形式。在C末端，它们包含TNF同源结构域（THD）。配体成员之间的保守性较弱（20–30%），THD结构能够将每个TNF配体组装成锥形三聚体。

 

表1. 人类中TNF配体超家族成员

Name	Location	Aliases	MIM*
TNFSF1	Chromosome 6, NC_000006.12 (31560550..31574324)	TNFSF1B, TNFB, LTA, LT, TNLG1E	153440
TNFSF2	Chromosome 6, NC_000006.12 (31575565..31578336)	TNFSF1A, TNFA, DIF-alpha, TNLG1F, TNF	191160
TNFSF3	Chromosome 6, NC_000006.12 (31580558..31582425, complement)	LTB, TNFC, TNFSF3, TNLG1C, p33	600978
TNFSF4	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (173183729..173462208, complement)	CD134L, CD252, GP34, OX-40L, OX4OL, TNLG2B, TXGP1	603594
TNFSF5	Chromosome X, NC_000023.11 (136648158..136660390)	CD154, CD40L, CD40LG, HIGM1, IGM, IMD3, T-BAM, TNFSF5, TRAP, gp39, hCD40L	300386
TNFSF6	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (172659103..172666876)	ALPS1B, APT1LG1, APTL, CD178, CD95-L, CD95L, FASL, FASLG, TNFSF6, TNLG1A	134638
TNFSF7	Chromosome 19, NC_000019.10 (6581648..6591150, complement)	CD27-L, CD27L, CD27LG, CD70, LPFS3, TNFSF7, TNLG8A	602840
TNFSF8	Chromosome 9, NC_000009.12 (114893343..114930674, complement)	CD153, CD30L, CD30LG, TNLG3A	603875
TNFSF9	Chromosome 19, NC_000019.10 (6531026..6535924)	4-1BB-L, CD137L, TNLG5A	606182
TNFSF10	Chromosome 3, NC_000003.12 (172505508..172523430, complement)	APO2L, Apo-2L, CD253, TL2, TNLG6A, TRAIL	603598
TNFSF11	Chromosome 13, NC_000013.11 (42562736..42608013)	CD254, ODF, OPGL, OPTB2, RANKL, TNLG6B, TRANCE, hRANKL2, sOdf	602642
TNFSF12	Chromosome 17, NC_000017.11 (7549058..7557881)	APO3L, DR3LG, TNLG4A, TWEAK	602695
TNFSF12-TNFSF13	Chromosome 17, NC_000017.11 (7549058..7561601)	TWE-PRIL
TNFSF13	Chromosome 17, NC_000017.11 (7558282..7561601)	APRIL, CD256, TALL-2, TALL2, TNLG7B, TRDL-1, UNQ383/PRO715, ZTNF2	604472
TNFSF13B	Chromosome 13, NC_000013.11 (108268240..108308484)	BAFF, BLYS, CD257, DTL, TALL-1, TALL1, THANK, TNFSF20, TNLG7A, ZTNF4	603969
TNFSF14	Chromosome 19, NC_000019.10 (6658126..6670595, complement)	CD258, HVEML, LIGHT, LTg	604520
TNFSF15	Chromosome 9, NC_000009.12 (114784635..114806039, complement)	TL1, TL1A, TNLG1B, VEGI, VEGI192A	604052
TNFSF18	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (173039202..173050941, complement)	AITRL, GITRL, TL6, TNLG2A, hGITRL	603898
EDA	Chromosome X, NC_000023.11 (69616086..70039472)	ECTD1, ED1, ED1-A1, ED1-A2-A1, EDA-A2, EDA1, EDA2, HED, HED1, ODT1, STHAGX1, TNLG7C, XHED, XLHED, EDA	300451

*在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库OMIM（https://omim.org/entry/）中该基因编号。

 

 

表2. 小鼠中的TNF配体超家族成员

Name	Location	Aliases
TNFSF1	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (35422141..35424568, complement)	Tnfsf1b, Lta, L, LT, LT-, LT-[, LT-[a], LT-alpha, LT[, LT[a], LTalpha, Ltx, TNF-be, TNF-beta, TNFSF1, Tnf, Tnfb, Tnfsf, Tnlg1e, hlb38, hlb382, lymph
TNFSF2	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (35418343..35420983, complement)	Tnfsf1a, DI, DIF, TNF-, TNF-a, TNF-alpha, TNFalpha, Tna, Tnfs, Tnlg1f, Tnf
TNFSF3	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (35413483..35415281)	Ltb, AI662801, LTbe, LTbeta, Tnf, Tnfc, Tnfs, Tnfsf3, Tnlg1c, p3, p33
TNFSF4	Chromosome 1, NC_000067.7 (161223009..161245777)	Ath, Ath-, Ath-1, Ath1, CD134, CD134L, OX-40L, OX4, Ox40l, TXGP1, Tnlg2b, Txgp, Txgp1l, gp3, gp34
TNFSF5	Chromosome X, NC_000086.8 (56257503..56269402)	CD154, CD40-L, Cd40, Cd40l, Cd40lg, HIGM, HIGM1, IGM, IMD, IMD3, Ly-6, Ly-62, Ly62, T-BA, T-BAM, TRAP, Tnfs, Tnfsf5, Tnlg8b, gp3, gp39
TNFSF6	Chromosome 1, NC_000067.7 (161608260..161616064, complement)	APT1, APT1LG1, CD178, CD95, CD95-L, CD95L, F, Fa, Fas-Lg, Tnfs, Tnfsf6, Tnlg1a, gld, Fasl
TNFSF7	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (57452997..57456777, complement)	CD27LG, Cd27l, Tnfs, CD70, Tnfsf7, Tnlg8a
TNFSF8	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (63749439..63779745, complement)	CD153, CD30LG, Cd30, Cd30l, Tnlg3a
TNFSF9	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (57412113..57414757)	4-1BB, 4-1BB-, 4-1BB-L, 4-1BBL, AI848817, Cd137, Cd137l, Ly6, Ly63l
TNFSF10	Chromosome 3, NC_000069.7 (27371226..27393814)	A330042I21Rik, AI448571, AP, APO-2L, Ly81, T, TL2, Tnlg6a, Trail
TNFSF11	Chromosome 14, NC_000080.7 (78514886..78545483, complement)	Ly10, Ly109l, O, OD, ODF, OPGL, R, RANKL, Tra, Trance
TNFSF12	Chromosome 11, NC_000077.7 (69577066..69586924, complement)	A, Apo3l, DR, Dr3l, Dr3lg, Twea, Tweak
TNFSFm13	Chromosome 11, NC_000077.7 (69573403..69586924, complement)	Tnfsf12-Tnfsf13, TWE-, Tnfsf12Tnfsf13, Tnfsf12tnfsf13, Twe-pril
TNFSF13	Chromosome 11, NC_000077.7 (69573403..69576380, complement)	2310026N09Rik, April, TA, TRD, Tall2, Tnlg7b, Trdl1
TNFSF13b	Chromosome 8, NC_000074.7 (10056229..10086000)	BAF, BAFF, BL, BLyS, D8Ertd387, D8Ertd387e, TAL, TALL-1, TALL1, THANK, TNFSF20, Tnlg7a, zTNF, zTNF4
TNFSF14	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (57496474..57501181, complement)	HVEM, HVEM-L, HVEML, LIG, LIGHT, LTg, Ly113, Tnlg1d
TNFSF15	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (63642837..63663296, complement)	TL, Tl1, Tl1a, Tnlg1b, VE, Vegi
TNFSF18	Chromosome 1, NC_000067.7 (161322226..161332859)	Gi, Gitrl, Tnlg2a
Eda	Chromosome X, NC_000086.8 (99019212..99444366)	EDA1, Ed1-, Eda-A1, Eda-A2, HED, Ta, Tnlg7c, XLHED, tabby, Eda

 

迄今为止，在哺乳动物中已鉴定出29种TNF受体，这些受体的主要特征是有一个富含半胱氨酸的结构域（CRD），由围绕CXXCXXC核心基序的三个二硫键组成，形成一个拉长的分子。家族成员中CRD的数量从BAFFR（TNFRSF13C）或BCMA（TNFRSF17）只包含一个CRD到CD30（TNFRSF8）包含六个CRD。这些受体多数是Ⅰ型膜蛋白，其中BAFFR（TNFRSF13C）、BCMA（TNFRSF17）、TACI（TNFRSF13B）和XEDAR（TNFRSF27）是Ⅲ型膜蛋白，OPG（TNFRSF11B）和DcR3（TNFRSF6B）是分泌型的。一般来说，一个三聚体配体与三个单体受体结合。人类中所有TNF家族受体成员列于表3，小鼠的列于表4。

 

表3. 人类中TNF家族受体成员

Name	Location	Aliases	MIM
TNFRSF1A	Chromosome 12, NC_000012.12 (6328771..6342076, complement)	CD120a, FPF, TBP1, TNF-R, TNF-R-I, TNF-R55, TNFAR, TNFR1, TNFR55, TNFR60, p55, p55-R, p60	191190
TNFRSF1B	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (12166948..12209222)	CD120b, TBPII, TNF-R-II, TNF-R75, TNFBR, TNFR1B, TNFR2, TNFR80, p75, p75TNFR	191191
TNFRSF3	Chromosome 12, NC_000012.12 (6375160..6391571)	LTBR, D12S370, LT-BETA-R, TNF-R-III, TNFCR, TNFR-RP, TNFR2-RP, TNFR3, TNFRSF3	600979
TNFRSF4	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (1211326..1216812, complement)	ACT35, CD134, IMD16, OX40, TXGP1L	600315
TNFRSF5	Chromosome 20, NC_000020.11 (46118242..46129858)	CD40, Bp50, CDW40, TNFRSF5, p50	109535
TNFRSF6	Chromosome 10, NC_000010.11 (88968429..89017059)	ALPS1A, APO-1, APT1, CD951, FASTM, TNFRSF6, FAS	134637
TNFRSF6B	Chromosome 20, NC_000020.11 (63696652..63698684)	DCR3, DJ583P15.1.1, M68, M68E, TR6	603361
TNFRSF7	Chromosome 12, NC_000012.12 (6444867..6451718)	CD27, S152, S152. LPFS2, T14, TNFRSF7, Tp55	186711
TNFRSF8	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (12063303..12144213)	CD30, D1S166E, Ki-1	153243
TNFRSF9	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (7915871..7941607, complement)	4-1BB, CD137, CDw137, ILA	602250
TNFRSF10A	Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11 (23190452..23225102, complement)	APO2, CD261, DR4, TRAILR-1, TRAILR1	603611
TNFRSF10B	Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11 (23020133..23069031, complement)	CD262, DR5, KILLER, KILLER/DR5, TRAIL-R2, TRAILR2, TRICK2, TRICK2A, TRICK2B, TRICKB, ZTNFR9	603612
TNFRSF10C	Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11 (23102921..23117445)	CD263, DCR1, DCR1-TNFR, LIT, TRAIL-R3, TRAILR3, TRID	603613
TNFRSF10D	Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11 (23135588..23164027, complement)	CD264, DCR2, TRAIL-R4, TRAILR4, TRUNDD	603614
TNFRSF11A	Chromosome 18, NC_000018.10 (62325310..62391288)	CD265, FEO, LOH18CR1, ODFR, OFE, OPTB7, OSTS, PDB2, RANK, TRANCER	603499
TNFRSF11B	Chromosome 8, NC_000008.11 (118923557..118951885, complement)	OCIF, OPG, PDB5, TR1	602643
TNFRSF12A	Chromosome 16, NC_000016.10 (3020368..3022383)	CD266, FN14, TWEAKR	605914
TNFRSF13B	Chromosome 17, NC_000017.11 (16939081..16972118, complement)	CD267, CVID, CVID2, IGAD2, RYZN, TACI, TNFRSF14B	604907
TNFRSF13C	Chromosome 22, NC_000022.11 (41922032..41926806, complement)	BAFF-R, BAFFR, BROMIX, CD268, CVID4, prolixin	606269
TNFRSF14	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (2556371..2563829)	ATAR, CD270, HVEA, HVEM, LIGHTR, TR2	602746
TNFRSF16	Chromosome 17, NC_000017.11 (49495293..49515008)	NGFR, CD271, Gp80-LNGFR, TNFRSF16, p75(NTR), p75NTR	162010
TNFRSF17	Chromosome 16, NC_000016.10 (11965210..11968068)	BCM, BCMA, CD269, TNFRSF13A	109545
TNFRSF18	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (1203508..1207901, complement)	AITR, CD357, ENERGEN, GITR, GITR-D	603905
TNFRSF19	Chromosome 13, NC_000013.11 (23570248..23676093)	TAJ, TAJ-alpha, TRADE, TROY	606122
TNFRSF19L	Chromosome 11, NC_000011.10 (73376395..73397474)	RELT, AI3C, TNFRSF19L, TRLT	611211
TNFRSF21	Chromosome 6, NC_000006.12 (47231532..47309910, complement)	BM-018, CD358, DR6	605732
TNFRSF25	Chromosome 1, NC_000001.11 (6460786..6466173, complement)	APO-3, DDR3, DR3, GEF720, LARD, PLEKHG5, TNFRSF12, TR3, TRAMP, WSL-1, WSL-LR	603366
TNFRSF27	Chromosome X, NC_000023.11 (66594384..66639303, complement)	EDAR2, EDA-A2R, EDAA2R, TNFRSF27, XEDAR	300276
EDAR	Chromosome 2, NC_000002.12 (108894471..108989256, complement)	EDAR, DL, ECTD10A, ECTD10B, ED1R, ED3, ED5, EDA-A1R, EDA1R, EDA3, HRM1	604095

 

 

表4. 小鼠中TNF受体超家族成员

Name	Location	Aliases
TNFRSF1A	Chromosome 6, NC_000072.7 (125326686..125339446)	CD120, CD120a, FPF, TN, TNF-, TNF-R, TNF-R-I, TNF-R1, TNF-R55, TNF-a, TNF-alphaR1, TNFAR, TNFR, TNFR60, TNFRI, TNFRp55, TNFal, TNFalpha-R1, Tnf, Tnfr-2, Tnfr1, p5, p55, p55-R
TNFRSF1B	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (144938938..144973453, complement)	CD120b, TN, TNF-, TNF-R, TNF-R-II, TNF-R2, TNF-R75, TNF-a, TNF-alphaR2, TNFBR, TNFR, TNFR80, TNFRII, TNFal, TNFalpha-R2, Tnf, Tnfr-1, Tnfr2, p7, p75
TNFRSF3	Chromosome 6, NC_000072.7 (125283534..125291026, complement)	Ltbr, AI256028, L, LTbe, LTbetaR, Ltar, TN, TNF-, TNF-R-III, TNFCR, TNFR, TNFR-RP, TNFR2-RP, TNFRrp, Tnf, Tnfbr, Tnfrsf3
TNFRSF4	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (156098049..156101070)	ACT3, ACT35, CD134, Ly-70, Ox4, Ox40, TXGP1L, Txgp, Txgp1
TNFRSF5	Chromosome 2, NC_000068.8 (164897535..164913574)	CD40, AI326936, Bp5, Bp50, GP39, HIGM1, IGM, IMD3, T-BAM, TRAP, Tnfr, Tnfrsf5, p5, p50
TNFRSF6	Chromosome 19, NC_000085.7 (34267926..34305175)	Fas, AI196731, AP, APO1, APT1, CD95, TNF, TNFR6, Tnfr, Tnfrsf6, lpr
TNFRSF7	Chromosome 6, NC_000072.7 (125209583..125214014, complement)	CD27, S15, S152, Tnfr, Tnfrsf7, Tp5, Tp55
TNFRSF8	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (144993702..145041734, complement)	Cd30, D1S166E, Ki, Ki-1
TNFRSF9	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (151004612..151030561)	4-1BB, A930040I11Rik, AA408498, AI325004, CDw137, Cd137, ILA, Ly6, Ly63
TNFRSF10B	Chromosome 14, NC_000080.7 (70004921..70021860)	DR, DR5, KI, KILLER, Kille, Ly9, Ly98, MK, TR, TRA, TRAILR2, TRIC, TRICK, TRICK2A, TRICK2B, TRICKB
TNFRSF11A	Chromosome 1, NC_000067.7 (105708448..105777172)	Ly109, ODFR, OFE, R, Rank, TRAN, TRANCE-R, mRANK
TNFRSF11B	Chromosome 15, NC_000081.7 (54114014..54141880, complement)	O, OC, OCIF, Opg, TR, TR1
TNFRSF12A	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (23894419..23896423, complement)	AI255180, C87282, Fn1, Fn14, HPIP, TWEAK, TWEAK-R, Twea, TweakR
TNFRSF13B	Chromosome 11, NC_000077.7 (61017567..61040435)	1200009E08Rik, Ta, Taci
TNFRSF13C	Chromosome 15, NC_000081.7 (82105943..82108581, complement)	2010006P15Rik, BAFF, BAFF-R, Baf, Baffr, Bcmd, Bcmd-1, Bcmd1, Lv, Lvis22
TNFRSF14	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (155002944..155013077, complement)	A, Atar, Hv, Hve, HveA, Hvem, TR2, Tnfrs14
TNFRSF16	Chromosome 11, NC_000077.7 (95459644..95478524, complement)	Ngfr, LN, LNGFR, Tnfrs, Tnfrsf16, p7, p75, p75N, p75NGFR, p75NTR
TNFRSF17	Chromosome 16, NC_000082.7 (11131131..11137938)	BCM, BCMA, Tnfrs, Tnfrsf13, Tnfrsf13a
TNFRSF18	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (156110779..156113351)	AITR, Gi, Gitr
TNFRSF19	Chromosome 14, NC_000080.7 (61201283..61284304, complement)	AL023044, AW123854, TA, TAJ, TAJ-, TAJ-ALPHA, TRA, TRADE, Tr, Troy
TNFRSF19l	Chromosome 7, NC_000073.7 (100495054..100512690, complement)	Relt, E430021K24Rik, Tnfrs, Tnfrsf19i
TNFRSF21	Chromosome 17, NC_000083.7 (43327446..43400079)	AA959878, DR, DR6, R74815, TR, TR7
TNFRSF22	Chromosome 7, NC_000073.7 (143188545..143203412, complement)	2810028K06Rik, C130035G06Rik, S, SOBa, Tnfr, Tnfrh2, Tnfrsf1al2, mDcTr, mDcTrailr2
TNFRSF23	Chromosome 7, NC_000073.7 (143219544..143239836, complement)	SOB, TNFRSFH23, Tnfr, Tnfrh1, Tnfrsf1al1, mDcTRAILR1, mDcTr, mS, mSOB
TNFRSF24	Chromosome 7, NC_000073.7 (143161422..143181690, complement)	Tnfr, Tnfrh3, Tnfrsf26
TNFRSF25	Chromosome 4, NC_000070.7 (152199985..152204576)	AP, APO-3, DDR, DDR3, DR, DR3, L, LARD, TR, TR3, TRAMP, Tnfrs, Tnfrsf12, W, WS, WSL-1, WSL-LR, Wsl
TNFRSF27	Chromosome X, NC_000086.8 (96377447..96420815, complement)	EDA2R, 9430060M22Rik, TNFRSF27, Xed, Xedar
Edar	Chromosome 10, NC_000076.7 (58436602..58511518, complement)	EDAR, ED1R, ED3, ED5, EDA-A1R, EDA3, dl

 

多数配体形成非共价同源三聚体，但Ltβ（TNFSF3）与TNFβ（TNFSF1）形成异源三聚体，BAFF（TNFSF13B）与APRIL（TNFSF13）形成异源三聚体。TNF配体是膜锚定或可溶性三聚体，一般来说，一个三聚体配体与三个单体受体结合，激活细胞内信号通路。通过基于系统流式细胞术的分析，Bossen等人证明了调节小鼠和人类TNFSF–TNFRSF相互作用的机制。他们发现TNFSF配体与一到五种不同的受体结合，而大多数受体与一到三种配体结合。特别注意的是，他们观察到，尽管含有经典的CRD结构，但DR6（TNFRSF21）、RELT（TNFRSF19l）、TROY（TNFRSF19）和神经生长因子受体（NGFR，TNFRSF16）没有与任何TNFSF结合，因此表明它们要么与其他配体结合，要么以配体独立的方式发挥作用。后来的研究表明，NGFR结合了一种结构上不同的配体——神经营养素。

 

TNF超家族受体及配体结合情况见图1.

图1.TNF配体（左）和TNF受体（右）在两个独立但相互作用的细胞上表现为跨膜蛋白。垂直虚线代表这些细胞的质膜。LTα3（TNFSF1同源三聚体）不以膜结合形式出现并且可溶。DcR1通过脂质（GPI）锚定在质膜上。

 

 

二、TNF超家族功能

 

许多TNFRSF分子表达在免疫系统的细胞中，他们参与B细胞、T细胞、DK细胞等的发育、成熟、内稳态、活化、存活、分化；影响B细胞表达抗原或免疫反应调节因子的能力；参与淋巴组织的发育等过程（表5）。然而，它们的功能并不局限于免疫细胞，还与一系列病理生理有关，包括癌症、神经系统疾病、心血管疾病、肺疾病、自身免疫疾病和代谢疾病等，而且具有“双刃剑”的特性（图2，3）。

 

表5. TNF超家族成员的免疫学功能(摘自文献4)

图2. TNF家族分子与炎症和自身免疫性疾病的发生有关（摘自文献6）。

该图是使用TNF家族配体/受体缺乏的小鼠和/或用配体或受体的中和抗体治疗的野生型小鼠的数据汇编而成。

 

图3 TNF超家族成员的主要生理和病理效应。

不同的研究表明，尽管肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）及其超家族成员对造血、防止细菌感染、免疫监视和肿瘤消退（以绿色表示）至关重要，但其失调会导致各种疾病（以蓝色表示）。这种“双刃剑”的角色是肿瘤坏死因子超家族大多数成员的典型特征。

 

因此，一些以TNF或TNFR超家族分子为靶点的生物制剂正在进行自身免疫性、炎症性疾病和癌症的临床试验。TNF家族成员仍将是研究热点。

联科生物自主研发ELSIA试剂盒10年，向国际优秀ELISA试剂盒看齐，质控严格，价格便宜。目前已开发的TNF超家族成员ELISA试剂盒如下，新品不断。欢迎垂询！

系统名称	目录号	产品名称
TNFSF1	70-EK1139	Human TNF-β/Lymphotoxin-α ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK182	Human TNF-a ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK182HS	Human TNF-α High Sensitivity ELISA Kit
TNFSF6	70-EK1F02	Human Fas Ligand/TNFSF6 ELISA Kit
TNFSF10	70-EK1161	Human TRAIL/TNFSF10 ELISA Kit
TNFSF11	70-EK1208	Human TRANCE/TNFSF11/RANKL ELISA Kit
TNFSF12	70-EK1256	Human TWEAK ELISA Kit
TNFSF13B	70-EK1102	Human BAFF/BlyS/TNFSF13B ELISA Kit
TNFSF14	70-EK1217	Human CD258/LIGHT/TNFSF14 ELISA Kit
TNFSF15	70-EK1268	Human TL-1A/TNFSF15 ELISA Kit
TNFRSF1A	70-EK1109	Human sTNF RI/TNFRSF1A ELISA Kit
TNFRSF1B	70-EK1123	Human sTNF RII/TNFRSF1B ELISA Kit
TNFRSF6	70-EK1F01	Human Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95 ELISA Kit
TNFRSF8	70-EK1311	Human CD30/TNFRSF8 ELISA Kit
TNFRSF9	70-EK1263	Human 4-1BB/TNFRSF9/CD137 ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK282/3	Mouse TNF-a ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK282HS	Mouse TNF-α High Sensitivity ELISA Kit
TNFSF10	70-EK2161	Mouse TRAIL/TNFSF10 ELISA Kit
TNFSF11	70-EK2208	Mouse TRANCE/TNFSF11/RANKL ELISA Kit
TNFSF13B	70-EK2102	Mouse BAFF/BLyS/TNFSF13B ELISA Kit
TNFRSF6	70-EK2F01	Mouse Fas/TNFRSF6/CD95 ELISA Kit
TNFRSF8	70-EK2311	Mouse CD30/TNFRSF8 ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK382/3	Rat TNF-a ELISA Kit
TNFSF2	70-EK382HS	Rat TNF-α High Sensitivity ELISA Kit
	70-EK1157	Human Pentraxin 3/TSG-14 ELISA Kit

 

内容主要摘自：

1. Ware CF. The TNF Superfamily-2008. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2008. 19(3-4):183-6.
2. Dostert C et al. The TNF Family of Ligands and Receptors: Communication Modules in the Immune System and Beyond. Physiol Rev. 2019. 99(1):115-160.
3. Sandip Sonar et al. Role of tumor necrosis factor superfamily in neuroinflammation and autoimmunity. Front. Immunol., 2015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00364
4. Tafalla C, et al. Novel Insights on the Regulation of B Cell Functionality by Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily in Jawed Fish. Front Immunol. 2018. 9:1285.
5. Bharat B Aggarwal. Signaling pathways of the TNF superfamily: a double-edged sword. Review Nat Rev Immunol. 2003 Sep;3(9):745-56.
6. Michael Croft et al. TNF superfamily in inflammatory disease: translating basic insights. Review Trends Immunol. 2012. 33(3):144-52.